Hitachi Energy Poland
The paper presents an analysis of the properties of printed copper elements obtained by Binder Jetting (BJ) and Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) methods in relation to reference elements obtained by traditional methods, such as casting and machining. The results were analyzed in terms of the possibility of using additive methods in energy applications, where the critical parameter is electrical conductivity and the ability to carry the current of a relatively high density. The article describes the results of testing the basic physical properties of printed pure copper elements, and the comparison concerned the evaluation of basic physical properties, such as: electrical conductivity, oxygen content, density, as well as mechanical properties, such as hardness and yield strength. Microstructural features were also analyzed in order to assess the formation of internal material defects. The results clearly indicate that additive copper manufacturing as a technology has made great strides over the past decade. As a result, a very high electrical conductivity of printed elements was obtainedin this study, and for elements made in DMLS technology, the electrical conductivity was only slightly lower than the reference value for electrotechnical copper expressed in % IACS. In the case of copper prints in DMLS technology, attention should also be paid to the obtained very good homogeneity and lack of microstructural defects, which is associated with very high values of the obtained relative density. Finally, it can be stated that additive methods, and in particular the DMLS technology, provide a set of properties that even exceeds the functional properties of elements manufactured by e.g. sand casting, and based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the use of additive methods creates the conditions for obtaining electrically conductive elements that meet the strict criteria for elemental conductive copper in power applications.
Abstract
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