It is well recognized that cellulose micro/nano fibrils may self-assemble in plant´s cell wall with axial (nematic-like) and helicoidal (cholesteric-like) organizations [1, 2]. These structures do not preclude the flexibility of the plant but increase its resistance to stresses imposed by environmental conditions. Cholesteric-like cellulose organization in plants can also be responsible for their structural colorations [3]. Moreover, colloidal aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), isolated from different sources of wood, are known to self-assemble into left-handed cholesteric-like structures that can be retained in solid films, after water evaporation [4, 5]. In all these systems the presence of water is vital for the development of the liquid crystalline-like structures. In this presentation we will focus on how the presence of water in cellulosic systems is crucial for the development of cellulose liquid crystalline phases.