Water splitting is considered as one of the practical alternative approach for impelling the conversion of clean, plentiful energy sources such as solar energy and water to clean hydrogen fuel. In order to realize large-scale hydrogen generation, it is crucial to develop earth abundant, cost effective, high performance and stable materials.1-3 In this talk, current efforts for synthesis strategies, performance of different materials will be deliberated for solar water splitting applications. Likewise, recent work on formation of Cobalt/Iron oxyhydroxide for electrochemical water splitting will be presented. Finally, an overview of challenges, frontiers and opportunities of materials for water splitting and energy conversion systems will be discussed.