The development and optimization of lithium-ion batteries are pivotal for advancing energy storage technologies. Understanding the gas evolution within these batteries during formation, cycling, and aging processes is crucial for improving their performance and safety. Traditionally, Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry (KEMS) has been a reliable method for determining the temperature-dependent vapor pressures of both organic and inorganic materials, enabling the calculation of thermodynamic data. This research extends the application of KEMS to investigate gas evolution in lithium-ion batteries, marking a significant leap in battery analysis techniques.

A specialized prototype was developed to adapt the KEMS method for the precise monitoring of gas species evolution within lithium-ion cells. This innovation not only allows for an unprecedented level of detail in identifying the types and quantities of atoms or molecules generated at various stages of the battery's life cycle but also significantly expands the measurement limits of the classical KEMS method. Our enhanced setup enables the analysis of chemicals with high vapor pressures, including electrolyte components, which were previously challenging to study due to technical limitations.

The results from this study illuminate the complex dynamics of gas generation in lithium-ion batteries, contributing valuable data for the enhancement of battery design and the development of more robust safety protocols. This work not only advances the field of battery technology but also demonstrates the potential of KEMS as a powerful tool for material science research.