Since the discovery of graphene, 2D materials have attracted considerable attention in this area. 2D materials are layered materials and possess almost only in-plane bonds with very weak interactions between the individual layers. Their unique structure gives them their extraordinary properties such as high strength and Young’s modulus, ultra-low weight, and outstanding electrical properties. Often applied for electronics, sensing, and energy materials, their high mechanical strength, flexibility, and easy-to-shear ability also renders them excellent candidates for solid lubrication applications. In this talk, novel 2D material layers consisting of MXenes, and in-situ formed transition metal dichalcogenide films such as molybdenum- and tungsten-based sulfides and selenides will be presented regarding their friction and wear performance and discussed within the framework of sustainability and resource-efficiency.