The replacement of the fossil fuels based linear economy by a circular economy based on more sustainable energy sources such as solar radiation, wind power and geothermics will not come for free, but requires the construction of a completely new energy converter-infrastructure based on large amounts of new materials. The development and production of those novel materials rely on sustainable and just resources.

The development of recyclable materials for e.g. renewable green fuel production, storage, transport and utilisation requires thus large-scale production from secondary raw materials. Future resilient energy systems have to be based on environmental friendly aspects as well as on performance criteria defined by a holistic life cycle assessment. Such goals can be achieved by using resource efficient, long-lasting, regenerative or self-repairing materials.