Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a methodology for assessing the environmental impact of a products life cycle from cradle to grave (or cradle to cradle). This means considering the impacts from the raw material extraction through to product disposal and recycling. Global challenges and pressures from various stakeholders are forcing the aluminium supply chain to assess and improve its sustainability performance, with LCA becoming a key tool to assess and implement change. However, there are still controversies and bias associated with LCA studies, even those that conform to international standards. This is especially the case within the aluminium sector as recyclability is a key attribute that is promoted more than any other property. This talk introduces LCA applied to the aluminium supply chain and discusses the controversies around the methodologies.