With upcoming hydrogen technologies, the investigation of hydrogen embrittlement phenomena extensively increased over the last decades. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement on the microstructural scale are still controversially discussed. Therefore, local characterization methods, as in-situ electrochemical nanoindentation, can give new promising insights. Different experimental setup approaches, with differing but complementary advantages, have been developed to enlarge the possibilities of nanoindentation. These methods can be applied on high strength materials, as steels or nickel-base alloys, which can be used in future applications for hydrogen storage or transportation. Beside reproducible measurements of standardized mechanical properties, such as hardness and Young’s modulus on a local scale, deeper insight in the acting deformation processes under the influence of hydrogen can be gained through advanced nanoindentation methods. With nanoindentation strain-rate jump tests the determination of strain-rate sensitivity is viable on a local scale and can reveal changes in the plastic deformation behaviour during hydrogen charging.