Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
The deployment of hydrogen represents a pathway to decarbonize many sectors, among others, power generation, where stationary gas turbines are proposed to be running on varying levels of hydrogen. Metallic components of gas turbines that are exposed to hydrogen can experience severe degradation in mechanical properties due to hydrogen damage. Since metal additive manufacturing, particularly laser powder bed fusion, has been recently deployed to fabricate various parts of turbine engines, it has become more important to understand the process-microstructure-property correlations of additively manufactured parts under the influence of hydrogen. This is essential to enable process optimization and application of additive manufacturing in materials development for the energy transition. In this study, different metallic alloys e.g. 316L and Ti6Al4V were processed by the laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process. The process optimization is intended to improve alloy qualities by considering parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, and hatch distance. The manufactured samples have been ex situ electrochemically charged with hydrogen and subsequently tested in slow strain rate tensile tests to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement resistance. Hollow specimens have been filled with hydrogen gas up to 20 bar and tested in low cycle fatigue mode to determine the degradation in fatigue lifetime induced by exposure to hydrogen. The microstructures were carefully characterized on different length-scales to reveal the process-microstructure correlations with respect to the mechanical behavior of different material conditions e.g., as-built and post-processed. The changes in damage mechanisms and fracture characteristics induced by testing under hydrogen will be discussed. The findings offer insights into process optimization and microstructure adjustment for a better control of hydrogen damage in additively manufactured metallic materials.
Abstract
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