Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Witten/Krefeld GmbH & Co. KG
Hydrogen can be the future energy carrier as it might offer a substitute for fossil fuels. However, the production, transport and commercialization of hydrogen is a challenge. Hydrogen can degrade the mechanical properties of many materials. This complex phenomenon is well known as hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Problems associated with hydrogen in metals can lead to a catastrophic failure. Austenitic stainless steels (ASS), especially UNS S31603 with a minimum yield strength (YS) of 170 MPa (25 ksi), is frequently used for hydrogen applications due to its low susceptibility to HE compared with other ASSs. However, ASS cannot be used when high strength (YS > 500 MPa) is required. Here, nitrogen-strengthened (CrNiN) and high nitrogen (CrMnN) austenitic stainless steels in solution-annealed condition displaying YS higher than 55 ksi (380 MPa) could be part of a solution. The strength of these steels can be further increased by strain-hardening to YS higher than 758 MPa (110 ksi). In this paper, the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of high strength austenitic stainless steels, UNS S20910 and CrMnN was investigated. Microstructure characterization, mechanical properties, and HE susceptibility were studied in strain-hardened condition. Slow strain rate tests (SSRT) were carried out in hydrogen atmosphere at 100 bar und 1000 bar (in-situ test), and in hydrogen precharging specimens at room temperature. High strength austenitic stainless steels present YS > 750 MPa (109 ksi) and UTS > 950 MPa (138 ksi) in strain hardened condition. UNS S20910 and CrMnN austenitic stainless steels are resistant to HE at both pressures. However, 18Cr-18Mn-4Ni-2Mo presents a reduction of 20 % in ductility at 1000 bar. Their fracture mode is ductile, characterized by microvoids and dimples. UNS S20910 and CrMnN can be an option for high-pressure hydrogen applications when high strength is required.
© 2026