In the context of the increasing focus on sustainable transportation, friction-based spot joining (F-SJ) processes for hybrid structures comprising polymers, composites, and metals, has gained notable attention from both industry and academia. This heightened interest can be primarily attributed to the ongoing shift away from non-renewable fossil fuels towards electric and hydrogen-based propulsion systems. In both scenarios, the integration of significant structural components such as large battery blocks, fuel cells, or hydrogen storage tanks is imperative. Polymer/composites-metal hybrid structures have the potential to reduce overall structural weight, thereby extending the operational range of vehicles and airplanes. Nonetheless, their application faces challenges due to substantial dissimilarities in material properties between polymers and metals. F-SJ represents a pioneering research field, as evidenced by multiple patents and technical publications. The key advantages of these processes include shortened joining cycles, reduced requirements for pre- or post-joining treatments, and excellent joint mechanical performance. This study will offer a comprehensive overview of recent findings concerning Friction Riveting (FricRiveting), Friction Spot Joining (FSpJ), and Ultrasonic Joining (U-Joining) processes. Aspects such as microstructural characteristics, quasi-static mechanical properties, and fatigue performance will be addressed in various hybrid joints involving engineering thermoplastics, composites, and lightweight metals.