University of Twente
Laser-induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) is an additive manufacturing technique, in which a laser beam induces the deposition of material (donor) onto a substrate (receiver). In LIFT, the donor material is coated on the bottom of a substrate (carrier). This carrier substrate is to be transparent to the wavelength of the laser radiation used. The laser energy is absorbed by the donor at the carrier-donor interface. As a result, a small volume of the donor material is transferred to the receiver. In the field of printed electronics, silver nano-particle (AgNP) based inks are used as conductive material. LIFT of these inks has been successfully demonstrated, but the limits in reducing the deposition size/volume has not been studied sufficiently. We present experimental results showing how the main processing parameters (laser pulse duration, laser spot diameter, laser pulse energy, donor layer thickness and the distance between the donor layer and the receiver) affect the size of the AgNP ink depositions. It was found that the smallest reproducible deposits had a diameter of about 40 um, when a spot diameter of about 10 um is used, as well as a donor layer thickness of about 3 um and a print distance of 13 um. Next we present the results of several new LIFT approaches, which can be employed to reduce the deposition size/volume, as well as to increase the processing window of LIFT of AgNP inks.
Abstract
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