University of West Bohemia
The reversible semiconductor-to-metal transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2) makes VO2-based coatings a promising candidate for thermochromic smart windows, reducing the energy consumption of buildings. We report on a scalable sputter deposition technique for fast preparation of strongly thermochromic YSZ/V0.986W0.014O2/YSZ coatings, where YSZ denotes Y-stabilized ZrO2, on conventional soda-lime glass at a relatively low substrate surface temperature (350 °C) and without any substrate bias voltage. The thermochromic V0.986W0.014O2 layers and the antireflection YSZ layers were deposited using a controlled high-power impulse magnetron sputtering of a single V-W and Zr-Y target, respectively. A coating design utilizing a second-order interference in the YSZ layers was applied to increase both the integral luminous transmittance (Tlum) and the modulation of the solar energy transmittance (∆Tsol). We present the phase composition (X-ray diffraction) and microstructure (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy) of the coatings and their optical properties (spectrophotometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry). The YSZ/V0.986W0.014O2/YSZ coatings exhibit a transition temperature of 33-35 °C with Tlum = 64.5 % and ∆Tsol = 7.8 % for a V0.986W0.014O2 thickness of 37 nm, and Tlum = 46.1 % and ∆Tsol = 13.2 % for a V0.986W0.014O2 thickness of 67 nm. The results constitute an important step to a cost-effective and high-rate preparation of large-area thermochromic VO2-based coatings for future smart-window applications.
Abstract
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