Nail penetration tests have been widely used to reproduce internal short circuits (ISCs) which are considered as one of the main causes for thermal runaways (TRs). Since only the temperature on the cell surface and the cell voltage are measured in a conventional nail penetration test, however, there is a challenge to understand the internal dynamics in a Li-ion battery cell in which a ISC takes place. This study introduces an advanced needle penetration test that enables the measurement of internal temperature and ISC current. The amount of ISC current can be measured indirectly by replenishing the lost cell capacity from ISC with a power supply that is set to constant voltage mode and connected to the cell via a shunt. Additionally, internal temperature can be measured using a thermocouple which is embedded in a specially crafted probe. This advanced needle penetration test offers the great research possibility to understand the internal dynamics of ISC that has been barely studied and to determine the internal onset cell temperature for TR.